Caution! Sexually transmitted infections — what causes the raised growths of genital warts, how can they be treated, and what prevention methods are available? We’ve gathered everything you need to know right here.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) take many forms, and genital warts are among the most common. This article explains what causes genital warts, typical symptoms, and available treatment options.
What are genital warts and what are the symptoms?
Genital warts are a common STI that appear as benign growths or small raised bumps. While not usually dangerous, they can affect daily life. Common symptoms include:
- Raised, flesh-like projections resembling a rooster’s comb, cauliflower, or common warts
- May appear pink, white, or skin-colored
- Range from 1–2 mm to several centimeters
- May be a single lesion or occur in clusters
- Some people experience itching, burning, or tenderness
- Often found around the genitals, anus, or groin
What causes genital warts and how do they spread?
Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), most commonly types 6 and 11. Transmission occurs through contact such as:
- Sex with an infected partner—vaginal, anal, or contact with discharge from wart lesions
- Direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected area
- Mother-to-child transmission during vaginal delivery
Can genital warts come back?
Yes. Recurrence can occur if the virus isn’t fully suppressed. Lowered immunity or certain triggers may lead to new outbreaks.
Treatment options for genital warts
Treatment depends on the size, number, and location of lesions. Options include:
- Topical medication
Suitable for small, limited lesions. Use only as directed by a physician in the correct dose and frequency.
- Excisional removal
Used for large, prominent warts. The doctor surgically removes abnormal tissue.
- Electrocautery
High-heat electrical energy is used to destroy wart tissue.
- Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
Extremely cold liquid nitrogen freezes and destroys lesions; effective for small to medium-sized warts.
- Laser therapy
Laser energy precisely targets wart tissue to remove or shrink lesions.
Prevention of genital warts
Because recurrences can happen, prevention is key. You can reduce risk by:
- HPV vaccination
The most effective prevention is HPV vaccination. The World Health Organization recommends vaccination at ages 9–14 for best protection. Adults of reproductive age—men and women—can still receive the vaccine up to age 45.
- Practicing safer sex
Use condoms every time you have sex to lower the risk of HPV and other STIs.
- Avoiding sharing personal items
HPV can spread via skin contact, including through shared clothing, towels, or bathing items. Avoid sharing personal items and maintain good hygiene.
Genital warts can be treated and prevented. If you notice suspicious lesions or think you’re at risk, consult a specialist at Synphaet Ramintra Hospital, a leading Bang Khen–area hospital with multiple specialty centers offering screening, treatment, and prevention counseling.
For more details or to make an appointment, call 02-793-5000
