Zika fever is caused by infection with the Zika virus, which belongs to the Flavivirus family and is similar to the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, and Japanese encephalitis. It is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. In addition, it can spread through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and from mother to fetus during pregnancy. This disease can occur in people of all ages and may be found year-round, though outbreaks are more common during the rainy season.

What are the symptoms of Zika fever?

After exposure, the virus has an incubation period of about 3–10 days. Most infected people show no symptoms. Around 20% develop symptoms such as the following:

 

• Fever
• Red rash over the body
• Red eyes and conjunctivitis
• Muscle pain and joint pain
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Swollen lymph nodes

 

How does Zika virus infection affect the fetus during pregnancy?

Infants born to mothers infected with Zika during pregnancy are at risk of microcephaly and congenital brain abnormalities, which can lead to impaired hearing and vision, developmental delay, and intellectual disability.

 

How is Zika fever treated?

There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for Zika fever. Management is supportive with fluid replacement and symptomatic care, such as antipyretics and pain relievers. Most patients improve within 2–7 days.

 

How to prevent Zika virus infection

• Prevent mosquito bites by wearing long sleeves and long pants, applying insect repellent, sleeping under mosquito nets, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites.
• Avoid traveling to areas with Zika outbreaks, especially if you are pregnant.
• If Zika infection is confirmed, female patients should use protection during sex for at least 2 months; male patients for at least 3 months. If planning pregnancy, delay or use contraception for at least 6 months after symptom onset.