Vaginal Yeast Infection
What causes a vaginal yeast infection?
Vaginal candidiasis is caused by infection with Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans, in the vagina or vulvar area.
Who is at risk for a vaginal yeast infection?
- People with poorly controlled diabetes
- Those with obesity
- Pregnancy
- Wearing tight, non-breathable clothing
- Frequent vaginal douching
- High-dose oral contraceptives
- Prolonged antibiotic use
- Immunosuppressive or corticosteroid medications
- Immunocompromised patients
- Pre-existing chronic skin diseases
- A partner with a yeast infection
What are the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?
- Itching of the vulva or inside the vagina
- Red rash around the vagina, possibly spreading to the mons pubis and groin
- Thick, white, cottage-cheese-like discharge with an abnormal odor
- Burning or stinging with urination or during intercourse
How is a vaginal yeast infection treated?
Vaginal yeast infections are curable with antifungal medications such as clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, or itraconazole. Formulations include oral tablets, vaginal suppositories, and topical creams; doctors choose based on severity and response. For recurrent episodes (four or more per year), a physician may recommend maintenance antifungal therapy for about six months to prevent relapses.
How can you prevent vaginal yeast infections?
- Clean the vulvar area with clean water
- Avoid frequent vaginal douching
- Choose breathable, not overly tight, moisture-wicking underwear and pants
- Keep underwear clean; dry thoroughly in sunlight
- During menstruation, change sanitary pads regularly to avoid moisture
- Avoid unnecessary antibiotics
- Manage comorbidities—for example, keep blood glucose well controlled in diabetes
- Eating yogurt containing Lactobacillus may help maintain vaginal pH and reduce yeast overgrowth
- Maintain overall health: adequate sleep and stress reduction
