Aphthous ulcers, or canker sores, are mouth ulcers that appear as round or oval lesions with a white or pale yellow center. They range in size from 1 millimeter to over 1 centimeter and may occur as a single sore or multiple lesions. These ulcers can cause pain and irritation, especially when eating or drinking.
What are the risk factors for canker sores?
Identified risk factors for canker sores include:
- Stress
- Inadequate sleep
- Genetics
- Viral or bacterial infections
- Nutrient deficiencies, such as iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and folic acid
- Food allergies
- Acidic foods, such as lemons
- Hormonal changes, especially before or during menstruation
- Immune-related diseases, such as HIV, Behçet’s disease, Crohn’s disease, and chronic ulcerative colitis
- Braces or ill-fitting dentures that cause oral irritation
How are canker sores treated?
- Eat soft, easy-to-chew foods
- Avoid greasy, strongly flavored, very cold, or very hot foods
- Stop smoking and avoid alcohol
- Get adequate sleep
- Drink plenty of clean water
- Avoid stress
- Maintain good oral hygiene: use a soft-bristled toothbrush and rinse with salt water after every meal
- Use topical medications for symptom relief, such as corticosteroid ointments or local anesthetics
- Take antibiotics if a secondary infection is present
- Use vitamin and iron supplements in patients with deficiencies
- Treat underlying immune-related conditions
- If ulcers are severe and do not improve with initial care, a doctor may consider electrocautery
Most canker sores heal on their own within two weeks. If symptoms do not improve within two weeks, the ulcers enlarge, or they recur frequently, you should consult a doctor, as other causes such as infection, oral cancer, or immune disorders may be involved.
With care from…#Synphaet Ramintra Hospital
