Angioedema is a condition characterized by swelling in the deeper layers of the skin due to fluid leakage from blood vessels. It commonly occurs around the eyes, lips, face, and tongue, but can also affect other parts of the body, such as the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. When it involves the airways, it can cause sudden airway obstruction, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention, as it can be life-threatening.

Sudden swelling from Angioedema

Angioedema is a condition characterized by fluid accumulation and swelling in the subcutaneous tissue due to fluid leakage from blood vessels. Commonly affected areas include the eyelids, lips, face, and tongue. However, it can also occur in other parts of the body such as the airway lining, which may lead to sudden airway obstruction—considered a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention as it can be life-threatening.

 

What causes angioedema?

Most cases of angioedema are idiopathic, meaning no specific cause is identified. However, several diseases and risk factors may contribute to its development, including:

 

• Allergic reactions to substances such as certain foods, preservatives, contrast agents, pollen, latex, animal fur, and insect stings
• Certain medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some antihypertensives
• Hereditary angioedema caused by a genetic defect in the C1 Inhibitor protein, resulting in insufficient production
• Some types of leukemia
• Thyroid disorders
• Physical stimuli such as heat, cold, pressure, vibration, or exercise

 

What are the symptoms of angioedema?

 

• Swelling around the eyelids, lips, face, tongue, hands, and feet. In severe cases, swelling may spread to other areas. The skin typically appears normal over swollen areas.
• Hoarseness, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath if the airway lining is affected
• Abdominal pain, bloating, and discomfort if the gastrointestinal tract lining is swollen
• Some patients may also develop hives

 

How is angioedema treated?

For mild cases, treatment may not be necessary as symptoms often resolve on their own. For moderate to severe symptoms, doctors may prescribe medications such as:

 

• Antihistamines to relieve swelling and itching
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Epinephrine for patients experiencing severe symptoms, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis

If the patient experiences severe airway obstruction, intubation may be required to prevent respiratory failure.

 

How can angioedema be prevented?

• Identify and avoid allergens or known triggers
• Treat underlying conditions or eliminate contributing factors
• Wear lightweight, non-restrictive, breathable, and smooth-textured clothing

If angioedema is triggered by a particular medication, the doctor may switch to an alternative drug.