Learn about Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), its symptoms, causes, and how it affects fertility. Explore lifestyle changes and medical treatments for PCOS.
What Is PCOS? Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options
Did you know? One common reason many women have irregular periods or chronic anovulation is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which can lead to infertility. But what causes PCOS, how can it be treated, and what are the fertility options? Let’s find out.
What Is the Menstrual Cycle?
Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining, usually occurring every 28 days, with a variation of up to 7 days. Some women may have cycles ranging from 21 to 35 days and still be considered normal. However, if menstruation is more irregular, it may be a sign of chronic anovulation or PCOS.
What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Some women with irregular periods may be diagnosed with PCOS—a condition where the body’s hormone balance is disrupted, leading to irregular or absent ovulation and small cysts in the ovaries. It affects about 5–10% of women of reproductive age and often presents with:
- Infrequent or absent menstruation—cycles over 35 days, or fewer than 8 cycles per year
- Spotting after long period absences
- Infertility due to irregular ovulation
- Weight gain from insulin resistance
- Excess hair on arms, legs, body, facial hair, acne, hair thinning, or baldness from high androgen levels
What Causes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
The exact cause of PCOS is unclear, but several contributing factors include:
- Excess androgen production leading to oily skin, acne, hirsutism, and hair loss
- Insulin resistance from high blood sugar levels, leading to excess insulin, which stimulates testosterone production and disrupts ovulation
- Abnormal weight—being underweight lowers estrogen, while being overweight increases androgens, both affecting ovulation
- Excessive exercise or athletic training causing stress and hormonal imbalance
- Premature ovarian failure—early cessation of ovarian function due to genetics or illness
- Aging and natural decline of female hormones leading to reduced ovulation
- Thyroid dysfunction disrupting the hormonal systems regulating ovulation
- Chronic stress increasing cortisol, which interferes with ovulatory hormones
How Is PCOS Treated?
Treatment for PCOS and chronic anovulation includes:
Lifestyle Changes
- Maintain healthy weight through diet and exercise
- Exercise regularly and appropriately
- Manage stress with meditation, yoga, music, movies, reading, or travel
- Avoid smoking and alcohol
Vitamin D Supplementation
Vitamin D helps regulate hormones and may support normal ovulation.
Medication
Hormonal contraceptives, especially progestin-only pills, may help balance hormones and reduce androgen levels.
Treatment Options for Women Trying to Conceive
Women with PCOS who wish to become pregnant may consult a doctor to explore assisted reproductive techniques:
- Ovulation induction medication under medical supervision due to potential side effects
- IUI (Intrauterine Insemination): sperm is inserted into the uterus after ovulation induction
- IVF (In vitro fertilization): egg and sperm are fertilized outside the body; the embryo is implanted once viable
Understanding PCOS and chronic anovulation can help you take early action. If you experience irregular menstruation and suspect a hormonal issue, consult with a gynecologist at Synphaet Hospital Nakhon Pathom. Our specialists are here to help.
For appointments and more information, call 034-271-999
