What Causes Depression?
The causes and risk factors of depression include:
- Imbalance of brain chemicals such as serotonin and dopamine, believed to be linked to depression.
- Hormonal changes such as thyroid hormone fluctuations, pregnancy, postpartum period, and menopause in women.
- Genetics: A family history of depression increases the risk of developing the condition.
- Psychological factors: Negative thinking, self-blame, and excessive dependence on others.
- Chronic illnesses like cancer, stroke, and heart disease, which can cause stress and anxiety.
- Traumatic events such as physical abuse, loss of a loved one, or relationship problems.
- Alcohol dependency, drug use, or long-term use of certain medications like sleeping pills.
What Are the Symptoms of Depression?
- Persistent sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, or excessive irritability or anxiety.
- Loss of interest or pleasure in most activities.
- Significant weight loss or gain, abnormal appetite changes.
- Insomnia or excessive sleeping.
- Restlessness or slowed movements.
- Fatigue or loss of energy.
- Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or self-blame.
- Trouble concentrating, poor memory, or indecisiveness.
- Suicidal thoughts or feeling like life is not worth living.
If you experience at least 5 of these symptoms, including either item 1 or 2, nearly every day for at least two consecutive weeks, consult a psychiatrist for diagnosis. You may be at risk of depression.
How Is Depression Treated?
- Psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy.
- Medication using antidepressants to balance brain chemicals.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): Uses magnetic fields to stimulate brain cells for patients unresponsive to medication or those who cannot take medication.
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): Used in severe cases or when other treatments have failed.
Depression is treatable. With proper care, most patients recover and return to normal life. Early treatment improves outcomes significantly. If you suspect symptoms of depression, consult a psychiatrist immediately.
