What causes nasal polyps? Nasal polyps are caused by chronic inflammation of the nasal or sinus lining, leading to abnormal tissue growth. These growths appear as smooth, shiny masses protruding into the nasal cavity and may occur as a single polyp or multiple ones. They are the most common type of benign tumor found in the nasal cavity.
Who is at risk of nasal polyps?
People with allergies or chronic sinusitis are more likely to develop nasal polyps than the general population. They are found more often in men than women, and are most commonly seen between ages 30–40.
What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?
- Nasal congestion or blockage; difficulty breathing through the nose
- Sneezing with intermittent runny nose
- Pain around the brow, nose, and cheekbones
- Foul-smelling breath when breathing
- Reduced sense of smell
- Nasal-sounding (hyponasal) voice
- Throat irritation and frequent throat clearing
How are nasal polyps treated?
1. Medication
- Intranasal steroid sprays or drops to reduce inflammation, shrink polyps, and relieve symptoms.
- Oral corticosteroids may be used in combination with nasal sprays/drops. Because prolonged use can cause side effects, they must be taken under medical supervision.
- Other medicines such as antibiotics for patients with bacterial sinusitis.
2. Surgical treatment
- Endoscopic sinus surgery is used when medications are ineffective. A scope is inserted through the nostrils to remove nasal polyps and open the sinus drainage pathways. This approach is effective, less invasive, and has a good recovery profile.
If you often have colds, allergies, or chronic sinusitis, consult a physician to treat the underlying causes of nasal obstruction. Proper care can reduce your risk of developing nasal polyps.
