Understanding the Risks of Placenta Previa and How It Can Be Treated

For expectant mothers, there are many health concerns to monitor closely—both their own and their baby’s development. During the second and third trimesters, complications are more likely, and one serious condition that requires awareness is “placenta previa.”

This article explains what placenta previa is, its causes, warning signs, and how to manage it effectively if diagnosed.

Understanding Placenta Previa

The placenta connects to the umbilical cord and delivers nutrients and oxygen to the baby, while also removing waste. Normally, the placenta attaches to the upper part of the uterus, away from the cervix.

Placenta previa occurs when the placenta grows in the lower part of the uterus and covers the cervix—the exit route during delivery. This can lead to vaginal bleeding and poses risks for both mother and baby.

What Causes Placenta Previa?

Placenta previa happens when the fertilized egg implants in the lower uterus. As the baby grows and the uterus expands, the placenta may continue to cover the cervix. It can also result from abnormalities in the placenta’s shape or thickness. Contributing factors include:

• Uterine scarring from cesarean section or dilation and curettage (D&C)
• Abnormal fetal positions, such as breech or transverse
• Multiple pregnancies or second and subsequent pregnancies
• Unusual uterine shape or enlarged uterus
• Maternal age 35 or older
• Smoking or substance use

Symptoms of Placenta Previa

Most symptoms appear in the second or third trimester. Watch for:

• Vaginal bleeding—mild to heavy—often recurring after a few days or weeks
• Mild cramping, sharp pain, or uterine contractions (some may feel no pain at all)

Risks of Placenta Previa for Mothers

• Severe bleeding leading to hemorrhagic shock
• Premature rupture of membranes and early labor
• Postpartum infections due to ruptured blood vessels near the cervix

Risks of Placenta Previa for Babies

• Higher chance of neonatal death due to preterm delivery
• Low birth weight and slow fetal development
• Congenital disorders such as neurological, heart, respiratory, or digestive abnormalities

Caring for Pregnant Women with Placenta Previa

If bleeding is mild, vaginal birth may still be possible—but strict care is required:

• Rest as much as possible and minimize movement—only sit up when necessary
• Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous activity, or unnecessary motion
• Completely avoid sexual intercourse

If bleeding is heavy, hospitalization and close monitoring by a doctor is recommended.

Treatment Options

• Conservative management using medications to prevent preterm labor
• Prepare for cesarean delivery if necessary, prioritizing safety of mother and baby

Preventing Placenta Previa Through Early Prenatal Care

Early prenatal checkups can help reduce risks. An ultrasound can detect the placenta’s position and ensure both fetal health and amniotic fluid levels. Always monitor symptoms, and consult a doctor immediately if any vaginal bleeding occurs.

If you notice any unusual symptoms during pregnancy, consult a specialist at the OB-GYN Clinic, Synphaet Kanchanaburi Hospital.

Schedule an appointment or call us at 034-912-888.