Meniere’s disease is a condition caused by an abnormality of the fluid in the inner ear, leading to unusually high pressure. This results in symptoms such as vertigo (a spinning sensation) and hearing problems. The disease is most commonly found in people aged 30–60 years. In most cases, it affects only one ear, but in some patients, both ears may be involved.

Meniere’s Disease

What is Meniere’s disease?

Meniere’s disease is a disorder caused by abnormal fluid in the inner ear, leading to increased inner-ear pressure that triggers vertigo and hearing problems. It is most commonly seen between ages 30–60. Most cases affect one ear, though some patients experience symptoms in both ears.

 

 

What causes Meniere’s disease?

The exact cause is unknown. It is believed to result from abnormal production of inner-ear fluid or narrowing/obstruction of the inner-ear ducts due to various factors. Risk factors that may be associated include:

 

• Congenital inner-ear structural abnormalities
• Infections, such as otitis media, viral infections, or syphilitic infection of the inner ear
• Allergic diseases
• Endocrine disorders, such as diabetes, thyroid disease, or high blood lipids
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Head trauma

 

What are the symptoms of Meniere’s disease?

• Spinning vertigo—often severe—lasting from several minutes to several hours
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of balance
• Aural fullness or hearing loss
• Tinnitus (ringing or noise in the ear)

 

How is Meniere’s disease diagnosed?

1. History taking for vertigo, ear symptoms, neurological symptoms, chronic conditions, and past illnesses
2. Physical examination, including ear–nose–throat and neurological exams
3. Additional tests, such as audiometry, electrocochleography, or vestibular function tests
4. Imaging studies, such as MRI or CT of the brain when central causes are suspected
5. How is Meniere’s disease treated?
6. Self-care: adequate rest, stress reduction, regular exercise, and avoiding salty foods, caffeine, alcohol, and smoking
7. Medications to relieve symptoms, such as diuretics, vasodilators, anti-vertigo agents, and anti-nausea drugs
8. Surgery to drain excess inner-ear fluid for patients with severe, medication-refractory symptoms

 

 

This condition cannot be completely cured, but medications combined with proper self-care can control symptoms so that patients can live normally.

 

If you would like an evaluation, visit the Hearing Assessment Center at Synphaet Ramintra Hospital.