Anemia is a condition in which the body has fewer red blood cells than normal, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to cells and tissues.

It is commonly found in the general population, with a wide range of causes and varying levels of severity. Some causes can be cured, while others may not be completely treatable but can be managed symptomatically.

 

What are the symptoms of anemia?

• Fatigue during exertion
• Easy tiredness
• Pale skin or pale-yellow complexion
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Poor concentration and memory problems
• Palpitations
• Cracks at the corners of the mouth and brittle, spoon-shaped nails in chronic anemia
• Symptoms of heart failure in severe cases

 

What causes anemia?

1. Decreased production of red blood cells due to various causes such as:

• Deficiency of essential nutrients for red blood cell production, such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12
• Bone marrow disorders, such as aplastic anemia, bone marrow cancer, or bone marrow infections
• Pregnancy, as physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to anemia, usually mild if no other causes are present
• Chronic diseases such as cancer, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and HIV infection, which can reduce red blood cell production

2. Increased destruction of red blood cells, leading to anemia with jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin), commonly caused by:

• Inherited anemia such as thalassemia and G6PD deficiency
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), where the immune system destroys red blood cells
• Infections such as malaria, mycoplasma, and clostridium

3. Blood loss due to causes such as:

• Blood loss from accidents, gastrointestinal bleeding, surgery, heavy menstruation in women, or postpartum hemorrhage

 

If you experience symptoms that may indicate anemia, it is recommended to consult a doctor for blood tests to confirm the diagnosis and identify the underlying cause for appropriate treatment.