After a patient is infected, the incubation period is about 3-5 days. Adults or children with good immunity may have no symptoms or have symptoms similar to a common cold. However, in young children or elderly people with low immunity, the symptoms can be severe, leading to pneumonia. The symptoms that can be observed are as follows:
What is Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)?
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an RNA virus that causes acute respiratory infections. It belongs to the same group as the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Although hMPV has existed for a long time, it is now being detected more frequently. Outbreaks typically occur from late rainy season to early winter, between August and October. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or contact with nasal mucus or saliva from infected individuals. It predominantly affects young children under 5 years old and the elderly.
What are the symptoms of hMPV infection?
After exposure, the incubation period for hMPV is approximately 3-5 days. Adults or children with strong immunity may have no symptoms or experience common cold-like symptoms. However, in young children or the elderly with weakened immune systems, the infection may lead to severe symptoms, including pneumonia. Common symptoms include:
- Fever
- Body aches
- Cough with phlegm
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or wheezing in cases of pneumonia or bronchitis
- Loss of appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Skin rashes
- Swollen lymph nodes
The virus replicates effectively in the respiratory tract, and infected individuals may remain contagious for 1-2 weeks after symptoms appear.
How is hMPV infection diagnosed?
For patients presenting symptoms consistent with hMPV infection, a definitive diagnosis can be made by swabbing respiratory secretions and sending the sample for laboratory testing.
How is hMPV infection treated?
Currently, there is no specific antiviral medication for hMPV. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Most patients recover on their own within 5-7 days. For severe cases involving pneumonia or significant breathing difficulties, hospitalization may be required for suctioning mucus, administering bronchodilators, providing oxygen, and intravenous fluid therapy.
How can hMPV infection be prevented?
There is currently no vaccine available to prevent hMPV infection. Preventative measures include maintaining good health and hygiene, avoiding crowded areas during outbreaks, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and not sharing personal items with others.
If you experience symptoms or suspect exposure to high-risk groups, visit the Infectious Disease Center at Synphaet Hospital Ramintra.
